Author Archives: accounts

Is income from hobbies taxable?

Not every money-making hobby counts as a business for tax purposes. Knowing when a hobby crosses into trading territory is vital to avoid unexpected tax bills. If your side project is growing, it might be time to check your tax position and stay compliant.

For instance, HMRC manuals provide the example of someone who enjoys repairing cars or selling stamps in their spare time. Whilst this might lead to making what’s known as taxable supplies, that alone does not mean the person is operating a business. It all depends on whether the activity passes the "business test". This is a set of measures that HMRC uses to determine whether there’s a business intention.

Generally, small-scale or infrequent sales from hobbies aren’t considered a business. But in some cases, hobbies can evolve. What starts off as a hobby or side interest might grow over time into something more substantial, and that’s when it could begin to attract tax obligations. In fact, many well-known businesses have started out as hobbies before scaling into full operations.

When deciding whether a hobby has crossed into business territory, it’s also helpful to consider how income tax would apply. The Income Tax Act makes it clear that tax is charged on the profits of any trade, profession, or vocation and there are similar VAT rules.

It is also important to look at any costs that have been incurred and whether these might genuinely relate to a business activity.

Source:HM Revenue & Customs | 28-04-2025

State Benefits – What is taxable and what is not

Not all state benefits are tax-free! Some, like the State Pension and Carer’s Allowance, are taxable, while others, like PIP and Universal Credit, are not. Knowing the difference can help you stay on top of your tax responsibilities and avoid surprises.

HMRC’s guidance outlines the following list of the most common state benefits on which Income Tax is payable, subject to the usual limits:

  • Bereavement Allowance (previously Widow’s Pension)
  • Carer’s Allowance or (in Scotland only) Carer Support Payment
  • Contribution-Based Employment and Support Allowance (ESA)
  • Incapacity Benefit (from the 29th week you receive it)
  • Jobseeker’s Allowance (JSA)
  • Pensions Paid by the Industrial Death Benefit Scheme
  • The State Pension
  • Widowed Parent’s Allowance

The most common state benefits that are not subject to Income Tax include:

  • Attendance Allowance
  • Bereavement Support Payment
  • Child Benefit (income-based – use the Child Benefit tax calculator to see if you’ll have to pay tax)
  • Disability Living Allowance (DLA)
  • Free TV Licence for Over-75s
  • Guardian’s Allowance
  • Housing Benefit
  • Income Support – though you may have to pay tax on Income Support if you’re involved in a strike
  • Income-Related Employment and Support Allowance (ESA)
  • Industrial Injuries Benefit
  • Lump-Sum Bereavement Payments
  • Maternity Allowance
  • Pension Credit
  • Personal Independence Payment (PIP)
  • Severe Disablement Allowance
  • Universal Credit
  • War Widow’s Pension
  • Winter Fuel Payments and Christmas Bonus

Understanding which state benefits are taxable and which are tax-free is important in order to understand the tax implications and ensure compliance with HMRC rules. If you are receiving any of the benefits listed and are unsure about your tax obligations, please do not hesitate to contact us.

Source:HM Revenue & Customs | 28-04-2025

Cybersecurity

Cybersecurity might sound like something only big corporations need to worry about, but in truth, small businesses are increasingly in the firing line. In fact, many cyber criminals deliberately target smaller firms, knowing they often lack the resources and expertise to protect themselves properly.

The most common threat is phishing. These are fake emails that look convincing, aiming to trick you or your employees into giving away passwords, payment details, or sensitive company data. Ransomware is another growing problem — hackers encrypt your files and demand payment to unlock them. For a small business, losing access to critical data can be absolutely devastating.

One major risk area is the use of outdated software. If your computers, point-of-sale systems, or even your website platform aren't regularly updated, they can become easy entry points for hackers. Even something as simple as using weak passwords or not backing up data can create big vulnerabilities.

There’s also the reputational damage to think about. If a customer’s personal information gets leaked because of a cyber-attack, trust is hard to rebuild. For businesses that rely heavily on loyal clients and word-of-mouth referrals, a breach could be disastrous.

Many small businesses wrongly assume they can’t afford cybersecurity. But basic protections don’t have to cost the earth. Regularly updating systems, training staff to recognise dodgy emails, using multi-factor authentication, and investing in reliable antivirus software are all relatively low-cost measures that can offer significant protection.

Cyber insurance is another option that more small businesses are exploring. Policies vary, but good cover can help with the financial hit if the worst happens and often includes access to expert help to get you back up and running.

The Government’s Cyber Essentials scheme is also worth looking at. It’s a certification that shows you take cybersecurity seriously, and it can even help you win contracts, particularly with larger companies or public sector work.

Ultimately, cybersecurity is no longer a ‘nice to have’ — it’s as essential as locking your front door at night. A little investment of time and money now can save an awful lot of heartache and cost down the line.

Source:Other | 27-04-2025

Access to Funding and Credit

For many small business owners, getting access to funding feels like trying to squeeze water from a stone. Traditional banks have always been a bit cautious when it comes to lending to smaller enterprises, but over the past few years, it’s become even tougher. With the economic uncertainty lingering after Brexit, COVID-19, and a volatile global market, lenders are now scrutinising applications more closely than ever.

Many businesses face a chicken-and-egg situation. They need funding to grow, but without strong turnover or solid security (like property), banks are reluctant to say yes. Even successful businesses often find they don't meet the banks' ‘tick box’ criteria, especially if they are newer or operate in sectors seen as high risk.

Alternative finance options have grown significantly. Crowdfunding platforms, peer-to-peer lending, and invoice financing are now on the table for small businesses. There are even government-backed schemes, like the British Business Bank's programmes, which can help. But many business owners are unsure about how these work or are wary of taking on unfamiliar debt.

Another challenge is the cost. Interest rates have risen sharply, meaning borrowing is far more expensive than it was just a couple of years ago. What might have been a manageable loan repayment in 2020 could now be uncomfortably high.

Grants do exist, but they are often highly competitive, sector-specific, or tied to innovation and sustainability projects. Day-to-day businesses just trying to expand their premises, hire staff, or invest in new equipment can feel left out.

Navigating the funding landscape requires time, research, and often professional advice. Some businesses are turning to financial brokers to find the best options, but this comes with its own costs and risks. Others are choosing to grow slowly, using retained profits rather than borrowing at all.

At the end of the day, access to funding remains a major barrier to scaling up for many UK small businesses. Without new sources of finance, many will simply tread water instead of reaching their potential.

Source:Other | 27-04-2025

VAT Road Fuel Scale Charges

The new VAT road fuel scale charges applicable from 1 May 2025 to 30 April 2026 have been published. The changes amend the VAT scale charges for taxing private use of road fuel to reflect changes in fuel prices.

HMRC has released new VAT fuel scale charges effective from 1 May 2025. If your business provides fuel for private use, updated rates apply from your next accounting period. Here’s what’s changed.

The new fuel scale charges must be used by companies from the start of their next prescribed accounting period beginning on or after 1 May 2025. The fuel scale rates continue to encourage the use of cars with low CO2 emissions.

The revalorisation of fuel scale charges is no longer part of the Budget process, and the tables are instead published by HMRC annually.

Where the CO2 emission figure is not a multiple of five, the figure is rounded down to the next multiple of five to determine the level of the charge. For a bi-fuel vehicle which has two CO2 emissions figures, the lower of the two figures should be used. There are special rules for cars which are too old to have a CO2 emissions figure.

Source:HM Revenue & Customs | 21-04-2025